What are the types of Neuropathy?

The most common type of neuropathy encountered day-to-day is what is referred to as a “length dependent neuropathy”. This simply means the longest nerves in the body become affected first. This is because they are the most vulnerable to damage as they are also the smallest nerves- the nerves taper somewhat as they go down the legs and in to the feet. In general, this is a very slowly progressive neuropathy. The small fibres usually become involved first- causing burning pain or numbness. The larger fibres usually follow and can cause symptoms such as loss of balance.

Sometimes a single nerve can become entrapped and cause symptoms- “mononeuropathy”. The most common example of this is what’s called “carpal tunnel syndrome”. This refers to a nerve becoming entrapped as it crosses the wrist in to the hand. It typically causes symptoms of numbness and tingling in the hands that may awaken you from sleep. Another common area for a nerve to become entrapped is at the elbow. Here leaning on your elbow may cause tingling in to the hand. In the leg the most common site where a nerve can be entrapped is at the knee- for example when you cross your legs and get a tingling down your leg that is because the nerve going across the knee has been temporarily compressed by crossing your legs.

Sometimes nerves can become inflamed and cause symptoms that involve legs followed by arms or vice versa and happen quickly- over a few days. In this scenario you may have a condition called Guillain Barre Syndrome. This is a rare condition and can take many forms but here the main problem is that the nerve has been stripped of its insulation and this is what has led to the symptoms.

A thorough history and examination taken by your neurologist should easily be able to distinguish between all of these various causes of neuropathy. Then once the most likely cause has been discussed with you the process of diagnosing and treating you can begin.